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Next "War against Terrorism" in Africa?posted by ewing2001 on Thursday June 26, @01:26PM
  from the SF-Gate dept.  Bush calls for Liberia's Taylor to step asideSCOTT LINDLAW, Associated Press Writer Thursday, June 26, 2003 (06-26) 15:46 PDT WASHINGTON (AP) --
Map: Oil basin in Africa President Bush stepped deeper into Africa's political and military strife Thursday, calling for Liberian President Charles Taylor to give up power, for an interim government to be installed in Congo by next week and for democracy to be established in Zimbabwe.
"The cycle of attacks and escalation is reckless, it is destructive and it must be ended," Bush said ahead of his Africa trip next month. "To encourage progress across all of Africa, we must build peace at the heart of Africa." Bush charged that the "freedom and dignity of a nation is under assault" in Zimbabwe, which is facing its worst economic and political crisis since independence in 1980. President Robert Mugabe won last year's elections. Independent observers and the Bush administration say those elections were marred by state-orchestrated political violence, intimidation and vote rigging. Oil in LiberiaLiberia: Oil And Gas IndustryOverview Liberia has a very modest oil industry. The security situation in Liberia and the war in Sierra Leone are barriers to international investment. Limited exploration has occurred with seven wells having been drilled between 1970 and 1985. In terms of downstream activity, all products are imported from neighbouring companies since the refinery at Monrovia was mothballed. The oil industry is regulated by the Ministry of Land, Mines and Energy. Upstream Liberia does not have a well-developed upstream oil industry. No viable oil and gas discoveries have been made and there is therefore no production or field development. Hydrocarbon exploration started in the late 1960s with Frontier, Chevron and Union Carbide being active. Before exploration was interrupted in 1972, four wells were drilled and abandoned as dry. No oil and gas discoveries have been made and there is therefore no production or field development in Liberia. A promotion of the offshore acreage attracted Amoco to the country. Amoco conducted seismic surveys and drilled three more wells, all of which were reported as dry. Fusion Oil and Gas, an Australian independent, has completed an initial review of Block A, an offshore oil block in Liberia. Fusion, and its partner, Daytona Energy Corporation. The company withdrew from the country in 1989, having stopped exploration activity in 1986. These offshore wells did indicate that there were viable reservoir facies, seals, and oil and gas prone source rocks. The Liberian offshore can be considered underexplored with limited data from seismic, gravity and magnetic surveys and seven wells over an area of more than 50,000 square kilometres. In 1998, Société Petroleum Oceanique and Golden Gate Resources Ltd signed a Technical Cooperation Agreement (TCA) for offshore Block C. The initial technical study has been completed and a PSC is now being negotiated. Xpronet also held a TCA for offshore Blocks E, F, G and H but this has now lapsed and these blocks are believed to be on offer. In mid 1999, Australian companies, Daytona Energy Corporation and Fusion Oil and Gas signed a joint venture agreement for the exploration of offshore Block A. Fusion, having taken over as operator from Daytona, has completed an initial review of Block A and is seeking to convert the Technical Cooperation Agreement (TCA) into a Production Sharing Contract (PSC). It is also seeking to extend its lease area. Downstream All petroleum products are imported from neighbouring countries since its refinery at Monrovia was mothballed in 1984.
Congo: Oil And Gas Industry Overview
The Congo is the fourth largest oil producer in sub-Saharan Africa. The upstream oil industry is the mainstay of the Congolese economy supplying two-thirds of government revenue. Oil accounts for a large portion of Congo's GDP and the majority of the country’s exports. Current proven reserves are estimated to be 1,291 million tonnes of crude and large reserves of associated natural gas exist. Congo is one of the West African countries where Energy Africa is active. The downstream oil industry is also an important element in the country's economy. The oil industry is predominantly run by foreign companies and is centred on the coastal city of Pointe Noire where the Congolaise de Raffinage (Coraf) operates the 21,000 bpd Pointe Noire refinery. The refinery has been out of commission for four years and has only recently started operating again. The labour situation in the Congo is sensitive and investors should consider this. Obligations on employers are considered onerous and political restructuring is largely dictated by organised labour. Despite the potential barriers to investment in the Congolese oil industry, however, the sector is experiencing a period of growth. Upstream
Crude oil is the mainstay of the Congolese economy supplying two-thirds of government revenue. Current reserves are estimated to be 1,291 million tonnes of crude. Large reserves of associated natural gas exist, although due to lack of infrastructure most of the associated gas is flared. Congo's total oil production increased significantly due to the start up of the N'Kossa field in 1996 and Kitina in 1997. Increased production is anticipated when the Moho and Bilondo fields come on stream in 2001. Wells operated by Elf account for roughly 73.4% and those operated by Agip 26.6% of production. Congo is one of the West African countries where Energy Africa is active. Congo's crude oil types are typically heavy and sweet. The main crude export blend is Djeno with 27.6· API and 0.23% sulphur content. Hydro-Congo, is the state owned public company which was responsible for upstream exploration activities. As part of a privatisation drive and rationalisation programme, Hydro-Congo has relinquished oil exploration and production assets and will restrict its activities to distribution and marketing. State-owned Société Nationale des Petroles du Congo (SNPC) is now responsible for exploration and production activities. Elf Congo holds interest ranging from 35% to 65% in onshore and offshore exploration and production licenses in association with various international oil companies. Elf has a terminal at Djeno, south of Pointe Noire and some production on offshore platforms. The company's largest offshore production facility, the Nkossa oil field, is located in the Gulf of Guinea, 60 km off the Congolese coast. Exploration takes place on a large scale and several new discoveries have been made, especially in the deeper waters offshore, where both Tertiary and Cretaceous reservoirs are being targeted. The strong influence of the French government has assisted Elf Congo to have a pre-eminent position, alongside Agip and Amoco, in exploration, production and refining. In August 1998, Energy Africa entered into an agreement with International Finance Corporation ("IFC"). Through this agreement it acquired the IFC's 43.75% holding in their joint venture company, Energy Africa Haute Mer Holdings Limited. This increased Energy Africa's net interest in the N'Kossa field and Haute Mer exploration permit from 2.25% to 4%. The IFC and a group of banks remain as lenders to the Nkossa project Downstream
The downstream oil industry is an important element in the country's economy. The Coraf refinery, situated at Pointe Noire, has a nominal operating capacity of 21,000 barrels per day (1 million tons of crude per annum) but generally operates at a rate of 56% or lower. Ownership of the refinery is split between Hydro-Congo (60%) and Elf (40%). For the past four years the refinery has been largely out of commission and only resumed operating at full strength in March 2000. Consumption in 1997 and 1998 of refined petroleum products was of the order of 385,000 tons per year (8,000 bpd). Net oil exports were approximately 12,2 million tons in 1997 (245,000 bpd) and 12.8 million tons in 1998 (257,000 bpd). The Congo's main crude export markets are the United States and Italy. Distribution and marketing are currently carried out by Hydro-Congo, which is however earmarked for privatisation. The downstream oil industry is dominated by foreign companies and many have a presence in the Congo. TotalFinaElf and Agip are the most active. Distribution infrastructure consists of river, road, rail and pipeline, all of which are in need of repair and maintenance. Tow small storage facilities are located at Brazzaville and Ojo. Shell in Zimbabwe Shell's African activities include representation in Zimbabwe. Shell is in alliance with BP which manages the affairs of the Zimbabwe joint operation, BP/Shell Marketing services (Pvt) Limited (BPSMS). The Shell and BP brands are rigorously kept apart despite the common management. The alliance holds roughly 40% of the Zimbabwean petroleum market and supplies a full range of products. Automotive and aircraft fuels and avgas are imported as are specialist oils for turbines and transformers. Out of the Zimbabwean national network of over 500 service stations, the BPSMS alliance controls over 200 retail sites spread throughout the country. The alliance owns the largest lubricants blending plant as well as the only petroleum product laboratory in Zimbabwe, located at Willowvale, outside Harare. The laboratory is responsible for testing all fuels imported into the country while the lubricants plant blends more than half of Zimbabwe's lubricant requirements. The Willowvale plant also blends lubricants on behalf of two other international oil brands and exports products to neighbouring states including DRC and Malawi. A grease blending plant and liquid petroleum gas bottle filling and distrubution system are also located at Willowvale. More on oil in africa
Mugabe gives nation's oil assets to Libya to secure fuel - Independent - 3 hours ago An MBendi Profile: BP Oil Africa Region (OAR)
World Oil - Africa Africa Daily - daily news and current events US reorders forces around oil, Africa -DAWN - International; 11 ... RIGZONE - Events BBC NEWS | Africa | US looks to Africa for 'secure oil' Africa Offshore African oil outlook With Mideast uncertainty, US turns to Africa for oil | csmonitor ... War about Oil- France vs. USA
UN to extend Congo force More Active French Military Role in Africa Gets Mixed Reviews UN troops persuade militia to leave US urged to send troops to Liberia ITV, UK - 18 hours ago ... a UN Security Council delegation headed to West Africa. ... former colony, Sierra Leone, and France recently sent troops ... In Liberia, he said, the US is "the nation ...
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